santa susana railroad tunnel
The County of Ventura purchased the depot from the railroad for $1.06. It occurred at the Santa Susana Field Lab, a reactor and rocket-testing facility in the mountains between the San Fernando and Simi Valleys. The Santa Susana Tunnel opened the next year, reducing the distance and transit time between Montalvo and Burbank on the Coast Route linking Los Angeles and San Francisco. 30 Km 10 20 Mi 10 20 0 0. Nothing ever constructed in the Santa Cruz Mountains received as much fame and infamy as the South Pacific Coast Railroad's Tunnel #2, a 1.2-mile-long pitch maw that humans arrogantly carved directly through the San Andreas Fault to connect Santa Clara and Santa Cruz Counties. To communicate or ask something with the place, the Phone number is (805) 584-4400. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. The SSRHS is having it's next Swap Meet in 2021. The tunnel was on a grade, and as the slow-moving train ascended the tunnel, oil on the rails caused the wheels to slip and spin. In May 1975 the building was divided into three parts and moved by truck to county property two miles east of the site it was built on. Ex. But that means hundreds of Amtrak and Metrolink passengers from Ventura County will have to take buses to Chatsworth to catch the train south. Amid loud cheers the track-layers pursue their labors. 22. Built in 1907, the train tunnel through the Santa Susana Pass has no ventilation, lighting or drainage. Start planning Santa Susana Depot Museum and Model Railroad reviews TripAdvisor traveler rating 29 reviews Google 4.8 By U9031PQjamesm Well worth it. The wooden tunnel was fitted with a concrete shell in 1921 and reopened in 1922. To get there start at Chatsworth Park South and take the trail located in the back of the park. Initial plans had drawn the route down Soquel Creek from a location near Laurel. The South Pacific Coast Railroad was born in 1876 when a silver baron from Nevada named James Graham Fair decided to tap into the vast lumber reserves in the Santa Cruz Mountains. [4], In 1997, officials began seeking options to restore the tunnel due to its deterioration over time. Well, you don't have to imagine! Now the tracks are literally sitting in mud and going back and forth. Imagine a place where children of all ages can watch model trains running through a miniature representation of Simi Valley as it existed in the 1950's. Well, you don't have to . Before the construction of the Montalvo Cutoff, the most direct rail line between San Francisco and Los Angeles ran (from north to south) to Ventura, through the Santa Clara River Valley, to Saugus, California, through the San Fernando Tunnel and then to Burbank, for a distance of 67miles. Faster access than browser! By Alan Pollack, M.D. The Big Four had originally planned to bypass Los Angeles altogether. Railroad Tracks Trail: Hike & Horse Trail: Multi-Use Intermittent Stream. Crews worked on the tunnel at night so that train services could continue as normal during the day. [1] With the completion of the tunnel, the distance between Montalvo and Burbank was reduced to 61miles.[1]. (Surveying Firm, was surveyed by / surveyed), (Document/Text, is referred to in / refers to). Santa Susana Tunnel. Temporary timbers were placed as soon as the excavations were made; permanent timbers of Oregon cedar would be placed later. These tunnels completed the Montalvo Cutoff for Southern Pacific. Simi Valley Mayor Bill Davis emphasized that improved conditions will greet riders after upgrades in the ground and tracks are completed in mid-October. John G. Downey sat down with Stanford and Crocker and worked out a deal to bring the Southern Pacific into Los Angeles. The tunnel is located beneath the Santa Susana Pass. Actually, most SP tunnels ARE lined with wood, which is then covered with chicken wire and "shotcreted" or "gunnited" with a thin layer of concrete. The Rancho Simi Foundation oversees the Historic Santa Susana Depot in partnership with the Rancho Simi Park District. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. Amtrak and Metrolink operate local and long distance passenger trains that run on a schedule. Natural history []. Condition Description [2] [3] The tunnel is located beneath the Santa Susana Pass. Performance & security by Cloudflare. The Santa Susana Tunnel is a railroad tunnel that connects the Simi and San Fernando valleys in Southern California. After the tunnel, theres miles, & miles, of a network of trails thru the canyons. The tunnel, which has become separated from the mountain in which it is nestled, will close for two weeks, as the tracks are ripped out, the mud at the tunnel bottom replaced with concrete, and the disintegrating wooden ties upgraded to more durable concrete crossbeams. By 1874, that railroad was extended to the new town of San Fernando. . On the street of Katherine Road and street number is 6503. The Santa Susana Tunnel is a railroad tunnel that connects the Simi and San Fernando Valleys in southern California. The CORP finally got their fire out in Tunnel 3 at Siskiyou Summit; the UP has tunnel fires in the Cascades every year, to one extent or another. To help expedite the enormous task, surveyors determined a spot at the summit of the mountain from which a vertical shaft was dug to meet with the center of the tunnel. Besides the ties, what else can burn in a tunnel? Santa Susana Depot, 6503 Katherine Rd, Simi Valley, CA 93063, USA +1 805-581-3462 Parking Lot parking available Street parking available Create a full itinerary - for free! The historic plaque is located towards the end of Old Stagecoach Trail, also known as Old Santa Susana Stagecoach Road, near the Lilac Lane Trailhead. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Santa Susana Tunnel". The pass is the division between the Simi Hills to the south and Santa Susana Mountains to the north, and forms the most critical wildlife corridor and habitat linkage between them. High resolution photo will be available for instant download following payment confirmation. Remi Nadeau described the scene: "Clad in basket hats, blue denim jackets and trousers, and cotton sandals, stood along either side of the mounded right-of-way. The rail line was to run from Alameda to Santa Cruz in its entirety. Using Metrolink, about 300 people a day commute from Simi Valley to the San Fernando Valley and Los Angeles along the rail line through the Santa Susana Pass. Santa Susana (Spanish for "St. Susan") is a former railroad town located mostly within the City of Simi Valley. The Southern Pacific Railroad used the double-"N" spelling of Susanna on the depot sign facing west, and the . It was likely this expansion that provided the impetus for the creation of this map by the Southern Pacific. The Santa Susana Tunnel is a railroad tunnel that connects the Simi and San Fernando Valleys in . In 1903 the railroad opened the Santa Susana Depot in Rancho Simi providing farmers an easier method of transferring their crops and livestock to market. Image supplied for personal use only. A feature of the Union Pacific Railroad's Cane Creek Subdivision, running from Crescent Junction to Potash. [2] The depot served the community of Rancho Simi as a passenger station, telegraph office, and freight depot where farmers could deliver crops for shipping and pick up farming equipment delivered by the railroad. 1902) ^ - View looking NW showing the Southern Pacific Depot at Chatsworth Park with the Santa Susana Mountains seen in the background . Trailhead. At nearly a mile and a quarter from end to end, it would be the second longest railroad tunnel in California. The Santa Susana Depot has a suggested donation of $1.00 to visit, and is located a half mile from Corriganville Park. Another version has Frates himself completing the tunnel in August 1876, removing the last cart of earth with his own hands. Related Link Category. Mission San Fernando & Vicinity Tracing from Map in Office of County Surveyor. 102. to Bakersfield. Santa Susana Mountains between Mont a Ivo and Burbank Junction. The Santa Susana Tunnel is a railroad tunnel that connects the Simi and San Fernando valleys in Southern California. Improve this listing All photos (4) Top ways to experience nearby attractions SurveyLA - Chatsworth - Porter Ranch Survey, SurveyLA: Chatsworth-Porter Ranch Historic Resources Survey Report, http://www.preservation.lacity.org/survey. The Santa Susana Tunnel is a railroad tunnel that connects the Simi and San Fernando valleys in Southern California. Tunnel 2 MP Located at Army St./23rd St. and collapsed in 1906 S.F. The Santa Susana Tunnel opened the next year, reducing the distance and transit time between Montalvo and Burbank on the Coast Route linking Los Angeles and San Francisco. The city had a small railroad built by Phineas Banning in 1869 connecting Los Angeles with the harbor at San Pedro. Tunnel 27 is the one where they used to have all the parties because part of it is rock lined, or natural, and goes way back into the sides in some places. This tunnel goes under the freeway, & used by the surrounding wildlife. Freight service is provided by Union Pacific, and passenger services include the Metrolink's Ventura County Line and Amtrak's Coast Starlight and Pacific Surfliner. Attachment #2 (application/pdf; 1,300,623 bytes), (william [dot] c [dot] flower [at] gmail [dot] com), National Bridge Inventory 2021: (Nearby Bridges), Bridgehunter.com: Historic Bridges of the United States, http://bridgehunter.com/ca/ventura/santa-suana-tunnel/. You can get more information from their website. In May 1975 the building was divided into three parts and moved by truck to county property two miles east of the site it was built on. A monthly pass from Simi Valley to Union Station in downtown Los Angeles will cost $125 instead of $155.75. 1876: Southern Pacific Tunnels Through. Emma Louie of the Chinese Historical Society of Southern California who wrote about the Chinese contribution to the railroad in the 1976 Golden Spike Centennial Souvenir Program quoted Remi Nadeau stating, "Oriental toilers fell at their work in regular succession and had to be carried to the sunshine burning with fever.". One great challenge remained. [1] With the completion of the tunnel, the distance between Montalvo and Burbank was reduced to sixty-one miles (98km).[1]. Metrolink trains had to slow down to 25 miles per hour (40km/h) and passengers reported swaying as well as a general lack of confidence in the tunnel's stability. For more information, call Mary Travis at 642-1591, Ext. For several years, the Ventura County Transportation Commission, which oversees countywide transportation and rail services, has been working with Metrolink, Amtrak, Union Pacific Railroad and other agencies to secure the $20 million needed to redo the entire tunnel. Roommate in Santa-susanna-train-tunnel : room in apartment or house. Photo taken by Ed Hollowell in January 2004. ", Within the mountain, the workers were faced with unbearable heat and dampness. The station was named after the Santa Susana Mountains at the east end of the Simi Valley. The wooden tunnel was fitted with a concrete shell in 1921 and reopened in 1922. Four and one half minutes -- that's about how long it takes to ride the Coast Starlight through the three tunnels in Santa Susana Pass between Simi Valley an. Plans and construction for the building were based on Southern Pacific Railroad standard design Two . Story by Alan Pollack, SCVHistory.com is another service of SCVTV, a 501c3 Nonprofit Site contents SCVTV. "Hambone" Executive Producers: Paul Turnbull; Sir BNA; Dame Lady Getoverit; James Niemeyer; Associate Executive Producer: Dennis Price; Become a member of the 1521 Club, support the show here; Boost us with with Podcasting 2.0 Certified apps: Podfriend - Breez - Sphinx - Podstation - Curiocaster - Fountain Knights & Dames Yet, in order to complete the line, engineers needed to drill a large hole directly through the top of the mountain's head. (three) Simi Valley Tunnels / Santa Susana Tunnels, rail tunnels, Union Pacific Railroad (formerly Southern Pacific Railroad ), between Los Angeles and Simi Valley through the Santa Susana Mountains; the longest and westernmost is Tunnel No. Unlike the ceremony for the Transcontinental Railroad at Promontory Summit in Utah, thousands of Chinese were in attendance at Lang Station. Metrolink trains had to slow down to and passengers reported swaying as well as a general lack of confidence in the tunnel's stability. Hidden beneath the Interstate 5-Highway 14 interchange in the Newhall Pass lies a tunnel portal, one of the great historic treasures of Los Angeles. [5] By 2000, the project's cost rose to as wooden railroad ties were replaced with steel ones, new water pumps were installed, loose soil was excavated, and the tunnel's shell was secured with new support bolts. Second, the construction of the Santa Susana railroad tunnel from 1898 through 1904 made Chatsworth one of the busiest places in the valley. Draft Community Involvement Plan - ETEC - U.S. Department of . We are open to the public Saturday and Sunday afternoons. In 1903 the railroad opened the Santa Susana Depot in Rancho Simi providing farmers an easier method of transferring their crops and livestock to market. Freight service is provided by Union Pacific, and passenger services include the Metrolink's Ventura County Line and Amtrak's Coast Starlight and Pacific Surfliner. Santa Susana Pass. Now, simply follow the old rail bed approximately 2.5 miles east into the canyon. This is both an offensive and defensive action, said Mike McGinley, director of engineering for Metrolink. This club layout is focused on model railroad operations and fills a 30 x 50-foot section of the freight room, and at one end has this well-done scene of maritime railroading. USA. For studies, internships, business trips Santa Susana Depot is a train station building located near the Santa Susana Pass in Simi Valley, California. Construction of the tunnel began in 1900 by the Southern Pacific Transportation Company and was completed in 1904. Railroad tunnel in Southern California, US, 34.266055804725276N 118.64644215590191W, Southern California Regional Rail Authority, "There's Light at the End for Tunnel Repair Project; A $14-million effort to fix a train portal under the Santa Susana Mountains should be completed today", "No Light at Tunnel's End; Santa Susana Renovation Scaled Back", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Santa_Susana_Tunnel&oldid=1070716700, Tunnels in Los Angeles County, California, Transportation buildings and structures in Ventura County, California, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 8 February 2022, at 22:11. Sept. 16, 2000 12 AM PT. Passengers returning home will be bused from the Chatsworth station into Ventura County. Just imagine a fully restored 100 plus year old Southern Pacific Railroad depot with both freight and passenger trains rushing by day and night. 26 [3] San Francisco Municipal Railway ( Muni Metro ) Central Subway (under construction) 27 is one of three tunnels that were excavated through the Santa Susana Mountains as part of the construction of the Montalvo Cutoff, a Southern Pacific Railroad line that ran between Los Angeles and Ventura via Chatsworth and the Santa Susana Pass; the cutoff was an integral part of Southern Pacific's . Crews completed maintenance on the tunnel in October 2000. earthquake. There was no way to build the railroad over the San Gabriel Mountains, which formed a formidable barrier between the San Fernando and Santa Clarita valleys. Southern California Regional Rail Authority, There's Light at the End for Tunnel Repair Project; A $14-million effort to fix a train portal under the Santa Susana Mountains should be completed today, No Light at Tunnel's End; Santa Susana Renovation Scaled Back. The County of Ventura designated the building Landmark #29 in January, 1976.[. - YouTube 0:00 / 3:03 Union Pacific/Santa Susana railroad tunnel Simi Valley/San Fernando Valley,. State Historic Park. Plat of the Lands of B.F. Porter Estate N.W. Back then, the story was both news and history. In 1903 the railroad opened the Santa Susana Depot in Rancho Simi providing farmers an easier method of transferring their crops and livestock to market. In 1925, the railroad built a second route over Donner Pass nearby, a 10,325ft tunnel ("Tunnel 41" aka "the Big Hole") going directly through and under Mt Judah, named for the railroad . 32). SurveyLA is the first comprehensive program to identify significant historic resources throughout the City of Los Angeles, and is scheduled to be completed in 2017. The tunnel is credited with saving considerable time and distance between San Francisco and Los Angeles. On the way to lunch this noon heard Metro Link Valley Dispatcher tell Amtrak 769. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. Originally estimated to take two years to complete, work was begun at both the north and south ends of the tunnel. (Same book as CIVIC, Saint Nicholas Bible, Queen Elizabeth Bible except King James Epiphany only has Jewish & Christian (exteriors: prison), 2720 Winona Avenue, Burbank, California, USA --1876 -San Fernando Tunnel connects Los Angeles to San Francisco and Northern California --1893 - Southern Pacific Railroad completes Burbank Branch to Chatsworth --1901 - Southern Pacific opens the Coast Line, linking Los Angeles and San Francisco via major coastal cities The tunnel is 7,369 feet long and runs through the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Mountains. The problems occur when locomotive exhaust embers get into spaces in the concrete and set the wood on fire, which then smoulders, and is very tough to extinguish. The first stage has been completed, with the second stage beginning at the end of the month. Due to the separation of rock from the tunnel's concrete shell over time, the tunnel was considered vulnerable in the event of a serious earthquake. The Chinese worked as teams of two, one man holding the wedge in place against the rock while his partner swung the heavy sledge. [2] (final shootout at oil refinery), Stage 26, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA, Chatsworth, City of Los Angeles, California, USA, Warner Bros. Studios Metal Shop - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA k e. 5 405 101 101 1 1 27 23 150 14 126 118 118. Day and night the work went on in 8-hour shifts, the Chinese being paid $1.00 per day and the white carpenters and mechanics receiving $2.60 a day for a 12-hour shift. One of the classic main line mountain grades is the Santa Fe's classic Raton Pass. [1] The tunnel is long and runs through the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Mountains. The Southern Pacific would, in exchange, get ownership of the Los Angeles & San Pedro Railroad, with rights of way to extend the line to Anaheim and Pomona. In 1998, an initial US$4,000,000 was invested into the tunnel's restoration. But digging it came at considerable human cost: the lives of dozens of Chinese migrant workers. Completed in 1904, Railroad Tunnel No. SANTA SUSANA PASS STATE HISTORIC PARK. In 1997, officials began seeking options to restore the tunnel due to its deterioration over time. . - See 29 traveler reviews, 4 candid photos, and great deals for Simi Valley, CA, at Tripadvisor. . The problems occur when locomotive exhaust embers get into spaces in the concrete and set the wood on fire, which then smoulders, and is very tough to extinguish. [1] The tunnel is 7,369 feet (2,246 m) long and runs through the Simi Hills and Santa Susana Mountains. Men came from all around the country to work on the tunnel. Former Central Pacific Railroad worker Frank Frates was chosen to supervise some 1,000 Chinese and 500 white laborers in constructing the tunnel. The courageous work done on the San Fernando Tunnel culminated in the completion of the Southern Pacific Railroad at Lang Station on September 5, 1876. Re: Santa Susana Tunnels. This article about transportation in California is a stub. Free. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. For commercial applications please contact us to discuss your requirements. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. At the time of completion, it was the third longest tunnel in the United States and fourth longest in the world. Local officials attempted to secure US$16,000,000 in federal funds to fix the tunnel but ultimately failed. [4], In 1972, the tunnel underwent minor renovations. . The South Portal for Santa Susana Tunnel in Chatsworth, California. This tunnel underwent a complete rebuild in 2000, including an 18-inch thick reinforced concrete liner, new drainage pumps, new ballast, new ties, and continuous rail. Heritage Junction Dispatch, July-August 2010. Originally located on Los Angeles Avenue at Tapo Street, the depot opened in 1903. The Los Angeles Aqueduct system, comprising the Los Angeles Aqueduct (Owens Valley aqueduct) and the Second Los Angeles Aqueduct, is a water conveyance system, built and operated by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power. Due to lessening passenger traffic and changes in the shipment of freight, Southern Pacific closed the station in the early 1970s, leaving Santa Susana Depot empty and destined for demolition. The first version has Chinese diggers coming face to face July 14, 1876, with the opening of the tunnel just one-half inch out of line. At last all is readiness and the signal is given. Construction of the tunnel began in 1900 by the Southern Pacific Transportation Company and was completed in 1904. The library in Simi has the rare "History of Simi valley" books which . Communication . Crews completed maintenance on the tunnel in October 2000. Mike Bledsoe photo. Mother Nature was displeased with the railroad in 1880 and fights . Four thousand strong, they lined the roadbed in military file, leaning on their long-handled shovels, lie an army at rest after a well-fought battle.". Santa Susana Railroad. It exists, and it's all here at the Santa Susana Depot. The community is in the eastern part of the Simi Valley. Men came from all around the country to work on the tunnel. The tunnel is credited with saving considerable time and distance between San Francisco and Los Angeles. . With the completion of the tunnel, the distance between Montalvo and Burbank was reduced to 61miles. She is usually available at the Society museum at the West end of Simi. 27 Santa Susanna Pass 994' 28 Chatsworth 599' Tunnel 1 MP Located at Mission Bay, west of Bay Shore. . (ca. The Santa Susana Tunnel is a railroad tunnel that connects the Simi and San Fernando valleys in Southern California. #vcmuseums #ilovemuseums The Southern Pac The County of Ventura purchased the depot from the railroad for $1.06. A monthly pass from Oxnard to Union Station will cost $190.50 instead of $259.75. After the tunnel was renovated, the speed limit for its traffic was raised from to . This treacherous mountain trail through the Santa Susana Pass was an important artery for stagecoach passengers between Los Angeles and San Francisco in the 1860s-70s, and an official Butterfield Overland Mail route during the Civil War At the top, right above Lilac Lane A view of the Santa Susana Pass State Historic Park I'm hiking up there. Condition Description Point Mugu SP Leo . Welcome The Santa Susana Railroad Historical Society Home Map to Depot Tours The Rancho Simi Foundation Rancho Simi Parks Swap Meet Info . At any rate, the first train passed through this miraculous, 6,966.5-foot tunnel August 12, 1876. Before the construction of the Montalvo Cutoff, the most direct rail line between San Francisco and Los Angeles ran (from north to south) to Ventura, through the Santa Clara River Valley, to Saugus, California, through the San Fernando Tunnel and then to Burbank, for a distance of sixty-seven miles (108km). The railroad builders decided on a route stretching from San Francisco south through California's Central Valley, then penetrating the Tehachapi mountains through the Tehachapi Pass (in which they built the famous Tehachapi Loop), then south through the Mojave Desert passing through what are now the town of Mojave and the cities of Lancaster and Palmdale, and then threading through Soledad Canyon into the Santa Clarita Valley. In upcoming stages, the tunnels shell will be replaced with concrete and secured to the mountain and light fixtures installed, according to Mary Travis, manager of rail programs for the Ventura County Transportation Commission. A Rio Grande "Tunnel Motor," SD40T-2 #5395, lays over at North Yard in Denver, Colorado, circa 1984. An adventure to the tunnel begins at exit 151, Welch Road, on I-40 west of Williams, Arizona. Photo will print to A4 size at 300dpi. When we are done, we will increase speed through the tunnel, which will result in quicker transit time. Just imagine a fully restored 100 plus year old Southern Pacific Railroad depot with both freight and passenger trains rushing by day and night. Santa Susana is a former railroad town located mostly within the City of Simi Valley. . On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Maecenas aliquam vitae urna sit amet elementum. After the tunnel was renovated, the speed limit for its traffic was raised from 25 miles per hour (40km/h) to 40 miles per hour (64km/h).[4]. The tunnel is located beneath the Santa Susana Pass. (San Val drive-in), Stage 11, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA, Stage 4, Warner Brothers Burbank Studios - 4000 Warner Boulevard, Burbank, California, USA, Torrance Refining Company, 3700 W 190th St, Torrance, California, USA The tunnel actually took just over a year to complete. . The road finally connected with what is now Los Angeles Avenue.. 22. Originally located on Los Angeles Avenue at Tapo Street, the depot opened in 1903. When they first began surveying potential routes to connect San Jos and Santa Cruz, one of their last choices was to bring it into the San Lorenzo Valley. Men came from all around the country to work on the tunnel. 82.200.235.134 The Peninsula section was easy, Fair merely purchased the existing Santa Clara Valley Railroad. Tulare sheriff said a drug cartel, then backtracks. Come visit our HO scale model railroad layout. . California. Santa Susana Depot Museum and Model Railroad: Authentic Railroad Museum . Can't imagine that it is lined with wood. * Table space is limited, tables are reserved on a first come first serve basis The scenery is made up of sandstone formations in massive outcroppings and numerous boulders, with California chaparral and . . The lower half of the tunnel was dug by another crew of workers, the dirt being carried away by two-horse cars running on laid track. To ) Promontory Summit in Utah, thousands of Chinese migrant workers longest railroad tunnel Simi Valley/San Fernando Valley CA! The Peninsula section was easy, Fair merely purchased the existing Santa Clara Valley railroad home will be from... 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That means hundreds of Amtrak and Metrolink passengers from Ventura County will have to take Two years to,..., of a network of trails thru the canyons both freight and trains., ( Document/Text, is referred to in / refers to ) licensed under GNU... 2.5 miles east into the canyon the harbor at San Pedro raised from to from around. Top of the tunnel is 7,369 feet ( 2,246 m ) long and runs through the tunnel underwent minor.... Existing Santa Clara Valley railroad Society Museum at the Santa Susana Pass saving considerable and. This article is licensed under the freeway, & amp ; used the... Could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command malformed. In its entirety tunnel began in 1900 by the Southern Pacific railroad worker Frates.