Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. SparkNotes PLUS English Literature. boys. PDF downloads of all 1725 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. First performed around 1604, the play is also a pioneering exploration of racial prejudice. Renews May 8, 2023 | Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. The play has a ridiculous and improbable plot, no poetic justice or tragic decorum. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have purchased this resource can review it. You can find notes and guides for it below. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. Explore a plot summary, list of characters, and important quotes . Struggling with distance learning? Refuting the arguments of "Othello critics" and "Iago critics," Neely reads the central theme in the play as love and the central conflict of the play as between the men and the women. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Throughout Othello, the audience is presented with different relationships - Emilia and Iago as well as Othello and Desdemona. Conditions. Read our fullsummary and analysis ofOthello, scene-by-scene breakdowns, and more. , do we need to directly quote critics for ao5? Report this resourceto let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. This critical quote bank has quotes on Othello, Iago, Desdemona, Women, Tragedy and more. Variety of Critics for Characters: Othello, Iago, Desdemona, Cassio, Emilia, Roderigo and Bianca. Sometimes it can end up there. Othello: A Level 5 Revenge Revenge is presented as dishonourable throughout the play. Key Critical Interpretations over the Years: 19th and 20th Century Views, Feminist Contemporary readings of Desdemona, Marxist Readings, Historicist Readings, Christian Elements of the Play, Post-Colonial Readings, Context on the Source for Othello - Hecatommithi and Literary Context / Intertextuality (tragedy, patriarchy, abuse of women, independent women, the destructive nature of love, race and machiavellian villains in Renaissance drama). Shakespeare had portrayed [Othello] the very opposite to a jealous man, Othello is understandably human but he is not greatly noble, describes how Othello sees his murder of Desdemona as a sacrifice, he is to save Desdemona from herself, calls Othellos final speech a terrible exposure of human weakness, Othello is dominated by its protagonist, Everybody calls Iago honest once or twice but with Othello it becomes an obsession, Othello is of course the plays hero only within the terms of a white elitist male ethos, sees Iago as powerfully possessed by hatred against a master who (as he thinks) has kept him down, descries how Iago displays the desire to manipulate, describes how the audience become complicit in Iagos intention, puts forward the idea that we feel uncertain about the validity of the love between Othello and Desdemona, Suggests Iago is motivated by the desire to know and show what Othello is really like, Suggests there is something lovable about Cassio, we trust him to never pervert the truth for the sake of doctrine or purpose of his own, puts forward the idea that Emilia nowhere shows any sign of having a bad heart, suggests Emilia dies in the service of the truth, suggests we have to acknowledge the fact that wives are required to be obedient to understand Emilias handing over of the handkerchief, puts forward that Desdemona receives a wh0res death for all her innocence, cites the fact that Biancas name translates as white in Italian, suggests that all 3 women in the play are wrongfully accused of sexual misdemeanor in the course of the play, argues that lucky would be a more appropriate epitaph than honest for Iago, suggests that Iago make his superiors his puppets, says Iago publishes doubt and calls it knowledge, suggests that Iago revels in his ability to destroy, puts forward the idea that Desdemona deserved her fate as maidens of quality should not run away with blackamoors, argues that Othello allows Iago to replace Desdemona in his esteem and affection, and as his confidant and soulmate, suggests that Othello is by far the most romantic among Shakespeares heroes, suggests that Othello is an alien in a white society and a black villain in a white society, suggests that women and blacks exist as the other, Desdemona is helplessly passive. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. evidently. for a group? Hard copies of all resources will soon be available to purchase. It is a quiet moment, but a hugely significant one. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. Free trial is available to new customers only. for a group? We're sorry, SparkNotes Plus isn't available in your country. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. 806 8067 22 Neely, Carol Thomas. Essay: Too Gentle: Jealousy and Class in Othello. How do the other characters react to Othellos skin color or to the fact that he is a Moor? In an attempt to enlist Brabanzio in his anti-Othello cause, Iago refers to the general as the Moor, the devil, and a Barbary horse. These terms reduce Othello to a crude stereotype, turning him into a villain and an animal. A storm has dispersed the Venetian fleet so that Cassio arrives first, anxious for Othello's safety. )I? 4De=tRy|UG^7fn;453hO w/J;o*4@j*!WBQSU{lDO . ? The binary of love/hate is central to the play. "Tragedy is primarily one of jealousy", Loomba: "Venice was repeatedly pictured as a city full of whores", Provide 4 critical comments on appearance vs reality, Loomba: Othello has "a capacity for tenderness as well as a propensity to violence", Provide 5 critical comments on characters who are outsiders, Loomba: "Othello is a victim of racial beliefs precisely because he becomes an agent of misogynistic ones", Vaughan: "Like the liminal island of Cyprus, [Othello] is caught in the middle", O'Toole: "Iago's brilliance lies not in what he puts into Othello's mind, but what he draws out of it", John Bayley: "Desdemona is as much imprisoned in her assumption of love as is Othello in his", Provide 3 critical comments on Othello and Desdemona's relationship, John Bayley: "Desdemona is as much imprisoned in her assumption of love as is Othello in his" 132 0 obj <>/Encrypt 105 0 R/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<29498E6B48029A4091C3B3364DE7A179>]/Index[104 62]/Info 103 0 R/Length 122/Prev 633683/Root 106 0 R/Size 166/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Roderigo, on the defensive and trying to present himself and Iago as a unified front, casually refers to Othello as the thick-lips. This epithet is both an attempt to undermine Othellos military achievements with a cheap stereotype as well as a way to pit Roderigo and Iagos physical similarity against Othellos unfamiliar appearance. I have also included a **context summary sheet**, as well as an **example essay** that was graded an A* (30/35) on the theme of identity. Key Facts about Othello Full Title: The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice When Written: c. 1603 Where Written: England When Published: 1622 Literary Period: The Renaissance Genre: Tragedy Setting: Venice and Cyprus Climax: The murder of Desdemona, by Othello Antagonist: Iago Extra Credit for Othello Moor or less? Discount, Discount Code Othello A-Level: Critics Provide 4 critical comments on femininity Click the card to flip Loomba: "Othello is predisposed to believing his pronouncements about the inherent duplicity of women" "Venice was repeatedly pictured as a city full of whores" French: "two kinds of women, one being superhuman, totally virtuous." The story of an African general in the Venetian army who is tricked into suspecting his wife of adultery. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Philip III of Spain expelled 300,000 "Moriscos" from the Iberian (Spanish) peninsula not long after Shakespeare finished, Shakespeare's primary source for Othello was, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. In order to achieve a top grade in English Literature, it is absolutely essential to include critics and/or critical approaches in your answer to act as supporting evidence. I have made it a policy in my store to give students and teachers who message me after a purchase the chance to receive revision freebies on top of their purchase (with proof of purchase). describes how Othello sees his murder of Desdemona as a sacrifice, "he is to save Desdemona from herself". This is a massive bundle of resources to aid your study of Shakespeares Othello for A-Level English Literature with a specific focus on critics and critical approaches. William Shakespeare and Othello Background. Names and quotes from critics on 'Othello' by William Shakespeare. Othellos Final Speech in the play with a highly detailed critical analysis with links to critics / their research included. Thesis: Courtship, Love, and Marriage in Othello: Shakespeare's Mockery of Courtly Love. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% Students love them!, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. The fact that Othello has risen to the important and powerful position of general and is accepted as a distinguished member of Venetian society suggests that the state he serves is at least 'colour blind', prepared to see good in foreigners and accept that they have a useful role to play. William Shakespeare and Othello Background, Read more about the weaponization of race in Angie Thomas. Thomas Rymer, one of the play's most negative critics, wrote a commentary on Othello in A Short View of Tragedy (1693). He is a military man, with a reputation for courage in battle and good judgment in military . Virginia Mason Vaughan discusses four recent critical approaches: feminist, new historicist, marxist and post-colonial. 104 0 obj <> endobj Moor or less? Othello Critics Cheat Sheet. 'Othello is a man of mystery, exoticism and intense feeling, trustful, open, passionate but self controlled: so noble' Honigmann - FENCES Iago has 'ambition, the aspiring spirit, the intellectual activity' which 'prompts him to overleap those moral fences' Honigmann - HUMOUR Study Othello Critics using smart web & mobile flashcards created by top students, teachers, and professors. Strickler: "The dichotomy of Man / City versus Woman / Wilderness is not appropriate for the kind of liberty that Desdemona and Othello seek" This exam guide contains: * summaries of each act and scene * notes about the main characters * short paragraphs on important themes *quotable quotes * exam questions with answers Grade 12 Othello in a nutshell! It might be read as a last attempt by Emilia to save Desdemona from her self-destructive 'feminine' passivity' - Penny Gay, feminist critic, 'Barbarywas in love, and he she loved proved mad and did forsake her: she had a song of 'willow'; it express'd her fortuneshe died singing it', 'have not we affections,desires for spot, and fragility, as men have? It is succinct and designed to be a practical revision resource for the exam. i;..M2DD |'S87JwrWkJ])9_j. on 2-49 accounts, Save 30% Character List. While Othello is barraged by racism, he manages to resist its pull for some time. Geoffrey Sax 2001) Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. a-level english literature , Edexcel A Level English Literature Paper 1: Drama 9ET0 01 - 7 Jun 2022 [Exam Chat] . , How to revise the critical anthology Shakespeare - a level english lit , do we need to directly quote critics for ao5? May 1, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 Othello is "understandably human - but he is not greatly noble". You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. F.R Leavis argues Othello's love is 'composed very largely of ignorance' F.R Leavis argues Othello is guilty of 'insane and self-deceiving passion' Hes the most easily jealous man that anybodys ever written about. Othello has converted to Christianity and subscribes to Christian values. "Shakespeare had portrayed [Othello] the very opposite to a jealous man". References to Othello's origins throughout the play are contradictory and ambiguous Iago calls Othello a "Barbary horse" (1.1.110); Barbary was an area in Africa between Egypt and the Atlantic Ocean. This pack has all the materials that **I used to get an A* in Edexcel A Level English Literature**. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. Critics and audiences alike find comfort and nobility in Othello's final speech and the anecdote of the "malignant and . When he turns the race weapon against himself, he dooms both himself and Desdemona. Want 100 or more? Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! Complete your free account to access notes and highlights, The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice. This is a good example of what the examiner will be looking for in the exam - do not just say the critic, but rather examine what it is that they are saying (challenge/corroborate). It is succinct and designed to be a practical revision resource for the exam. Emilia Character Analysis. For much of the play, Othello resists, ignores, or seems indifferent to the racism that dogs him. I achieved an A star in AQA A Level English Literature - I have put together all of my Othello revision notes, which cover . A long list of critics for each character / theme, so that you can easily decide which critic and critical approach suits you best for your revision without having to do the EXTENSIVE research involved in categorising the critics. Wed love to have you back! Iago's desire for revenge is presented as destructive, unnatural and egotistical. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. In order to achieve a top grade in English Literature, it is absolutely essential to include critics and/or critical approaches in your answer to act as supporting evidence. Created by: Amy Tomlinson. Copyright Get Revising 2023 all rights reserved. Iago is linked to evil through references to hell and the devil. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. 20% (2.1.191-93) Setting the scene. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Othello incurs resentment for many reasons. Leavis and this view on Othello / Honour. It is the green-ey'd monster, which doth mock the meat it feeds on" (3.3.165-167). A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place. Get Revising is one of the trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. Register Number: 04666380 (England and Wales), VAT No. . Othello is also accused of other soul destroying sins; murder, despair and entering into a compact with the devil (Iago). Renews May 8, 2023 Purchasing The floodgates have opened, and now Othello is in danger of believing all of Iagos racist nonsense. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% As a result, he devises to use . Prep for a quiz or learn for fun! Provide 4 critical comments on femininity, Loomba: "Othello is predisposed to believing his pronouncements about the inherent duplicity of women", These are on themes and characters that haven't come up yet (apart from masculinity), Provide 4 critical comments on power and control, Provide 5 critical comments on features of tragic genre, Bradley: "his fall produces a sense of contrast, of the powerlessness of man,", Dickson: Race is "almost incidental" in Othello. egoist' and for this, Iago plays on his weaknesses: Lisa Jardine argues Desdemona is 'Too knowing and: too independent' she is too passive! This pack has **7 essay plans** (quotes, literary and historical context, topic sentences) on the main themes in Othello. The role of Othello was almost undoubtedly first played by Richard Burbage, the leading actor in Shakespeare's company. How does Cassio fall from Othellos grace and get fired? Go to BN.com to get your copy of these helpful resources. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. Thanks for creating a SparkNotes account! Ellie Shardlow's Shop. Our customer service team will review your report and will be in touch. 2 PAGE DOCUMENT Othello is degraded when he seeks revenge and he begins to act like a violent stereotype from Revenge Tragedy. Test your knowledge ofOthellowith quizzes about every section, major characters, themes, symbols, and more. Among Iagos many repulsive qualities, his eagerness to hurl racial epithets is perhaps the most shocking. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. First performed around 1604, the play is also a pioneering exploration of racial prejudice. This belief, as much as his conviction of Desdemonas guilt, allows Othello to kill his wife. English- Othello A-level Flashcard Maker: Khadro Norbu. $24.99 Your rating is required to reflect your happiness. Why does Othello care about Desdemonas handkerchief. Teachers and parents! A post-colonial critique of the play considers the way in which Othello's race is portrayed, and considers the hero's 'outsider' status in a white world. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1725 titles we cover. registered in England (Company No 02017289) with its registered office at Building 3, The most visible indicator of his outsider status is also the one that provokes the most poisonous responses: Othello is a Black man in white Venice. 20% ', 'EitherShakespeare wants us to consider Emilia exceptionally dimwitted orhe made her (link the Ensign's wife in Cinthio) too afraid of Iagoto challenge him until it is too late' - E A J Honigmann, 'Just about every character misunderstands her' - E A J Honigmann, '[At the end] Othellois cheering himself up. It also has **4 essay plans** on the main characters in Othello (Iago, Othello, Desdemona and Emilia). Here's where you'll find analysis of the literary devices in Othello, from the major themes to motifs, symbols, and more. Othello: A Level 2 Religion The preoccupation with good and evil underlines the play's religious context. This is highly easy to understand due to the easy table layout. By Act 3, however, there is little in him to admire: his valour belongs to a seemingly different world and there is nothing virtuous about a husband who colludes in a plot to destroy his wife. In Elizabethan England, the term "Moor" could be used to refer to a wide range of non-European persons, including black Africans, North Africans, Arabs, and even Indians. Thesis: Courtship, Love, and Marriage in Othello: Essay: Too Gentle: Jealousy and Class in Othello, Film: Othello (modern-day adaptation, dir. A2/A-level. Geoffrey Sax 2001), Film: Othello (filmed theatrical production, 1965). He is endeavouring to escape realitybyadopting an aesthetic rather than a moral attitudehe has ceased to think about Desdemona and is thinking about himself' - T S Elliot, 'Speak of me asone that loved not wisely but too well', 'in AleppoWhere a TurkBeat a Venetian and traduced [insulted] the state, I took by the throat the circumsised dog, and smote him, thus', '[Othello is] a near schizophrenic hero' - Ania Loomba, 'in AleppoWhere a TurkBeat a Venetian and traduced [insulted] the state, I took by the throat the circumsised dog, and smote him, thus'. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. for a customized plan. . PASS Othello with ease. The minute he suspects, or thinks he has the smallest grounds for suspecting, Desdemona, he wishes to think her guilty, he wishes to, says Desdemona suffers the conventional fate designed to desiring women, A sole leader of Cyprus, Othello is a figure like a monarch or tyrant., calls Othello a man with a beautiful soul, some people even that that Othello should be called Iago, Desdemona is a young, inexperienced girl, but she knows her own heart, says Othellos jealousy is the trait of nature that undermines his life, Othello is vital to the state, and in his warrior role he is self-assured and secure, for Othello, if he is unable to govern Desdemona, he is unfit to govern Cyprus., Venice is therefore a less virtuous place than it may appear, which sets the keynote of the play., Suggests Iago manages to reduce Othellos language as well as his honour.
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